Leadership of Alan Joyce in Business Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership of Alan Joyce in Business. Answer: Leadership and leaders approach are always a matter of study. From time to time, many leaders came in business world and revolutionised the context of leadership. Through this easy leadership of Alan Joyce has been discussed and analysed. Alan leadership journey is truly inspirational as from working class family to the corporate leader, through-out the journey he made himself as an example of honest, humble, result-oriented and open to learning leader. His leadership is always focused for better achievement of organisational objectives and people orientation (Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee, 2013). Alan Joyce is an Irish-Australian Businessman and now the Chief Executive Officer of Qantas. He was born in Tallaght, Ireland in 1966. His father was a worker in Tobacco Factory and mother was a cleaner. In 1986, he was graduated from Trinity College, Dublin with specialisation in Physics and Mathematics. In 1987, he completed his Masters inManagement Science form Trinity College, Dublin. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society (BCG 2010). He started his career in Aer Lingus, which is a Flag Carrier of Ireland; he worked there for eight years and worked in different functional areas like sales, marketing, operation, fleet planning, information technology, network planning and many others. In 1996, he left Aer Lingus and joined Ansett Australia. There he worked in network planning, network strategy function and in schedule planning. Then he left Ansett Australia in 2000 and he joined Qantas. He led network planning, network strategy function and in schedule planning in Q antas. Then in 2003, he appointed as Chief Executive Officer of Jetstar, which is a subsidiary of Qantas. After three years, in 2006, he was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of Qantas (BCG 2010). During his tenure in Qantas, he seen and experienced different big transformations company wide and industry wide. He has gone through the phase where Qantas has experienced difficult time. He managed the revenue growth, diversification and expansion for Qantas in many aspects. He led the outstanding financial performance in 2016, which is the best performance in 96 years old history of Qantas. Also, in his leadership Qantas touched a new high of customer satisfaction and employee engagement. During his Jetstar journey, he was the man behind establishing the well appreciated operations through-out Australia and Asia. In 2015, his outstanding contribution in Aviation field has been recognised. He was named as Airline CEO of the year by CAPA centre. He is also announced as the most influential gay leader for two years in OUTstanding/Financial Times list of "Top 100 Leading LGBT Executives". His considerable contribution towards aviation industry, tourism industry, gender equality, incl usion and diversity, supporter of Indigenous education and community named him as Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in 2017 on Queen's Birthday. Apart from his CEO Job in Qantas, he is conferred with different roles such as Director of the Business Council of Australia, Member of the Male Champions of Change and Ambassador of the Australian Indigenous Education Foundation (Qantas 2017). Leadership and the way of leading by Alan Joyce explain how leadership can transform an organisation from an underperformer to an extraordinary performer. He always has the belief that good leadership is on the basis of a great vision, strategy and a well-directed team. He is a supporter of diversifiedmanagement team. According to Alans understanding, a goodmanagement team should be comprised of different team members from different educational backgrounds, education and skills (Fairhurst and Connaughton, 2014). A diverse team will enable a broad view on any aspect of leadership in managing a business organisation. He led his team through empowering them and allowing them to ask question. He motivated his team for entrepreneurial steps but always guided for calculated risk. He made himself as a collaborative, open and honest leader for his people. Regarding mistakes, he always supported the view of accepting mistakes and owning mistakes and learning from them. In crisis situation he led his team towards desired result through focusing on what is unknown. Alan transformed Qantas with his commendable leadership and proved himself as a Transactional Leader who always delivers best result for the organisation (Carter and Greer, 2013). Leading business organisation in an influential way shows the leadership attributes of any business leader. There are various leadership theories and approached are in practice, amongst all Transformational and Transactional Leadership is widely practiced. Transformational Leadership style depends on inspiring followers and motivating them to achieve more (Deichmann and Stam, 2015). Other side Transactional leader provide guidelines; and manage, organise, directs and controls their followers to achieve the desired goals. Both leadership styles have their own limitations and benefits. In real business world, combination of transformational and transactional leadership works best and Alan Joyce is the best example who has the balanced leadership approach in leading his organisation (McCleskey, 2014). Alan Joyce is leader whose bold vision enables Qantas to tap the rapidly growing market Asian Passenger; he also built a diverse team consisting multicultural and modern work force that going to contribute in the growth story of Qantas (Colbert, Barrick and Bradley, 2014). The jaw dropping announcement on 29th October 2011 by Alan Joyce to ground entire airline, made him an overnight discussion in business world. His decision was criticised most business leaders, government and he was blamed for making industry unstable and creating problems for customers. Alan did it with a vision, a vision for Qantas. Irrespective all these factors, discussion; Alan emerged as the winner. He was able settle down the conflict between Qantas and three unions. This hard, criticised leadership decision of Alan put an end mark on the deadlock between Qantas and the three unions. This way he resolved a problem which was very important from operational and revenue aspect of Qantas but somehow in this manner Qantas has lost some brand value. The Union problem has been solved but customers were affected by the decision (BCG, 2010). Alan is a big believer of creativity and innovation. He always inspired his team to work in a collaborative manner. He creates fantastic team and in turn the fantastic team provided outstanding results for Qantas. Alan always advocated the concept of transactional leadership that leaders have to give rewards to their followers to make them decisive. He suggested future generation leader about benefits of transactional leadership as he suggested that in old organisation, people understood the art of avoiding responsibility and accountability (Hemlin et al., 2014). Being a well-known and successful leader; Alan always stands as transparent persona in admitting his mistakes. He included the event of setting up of unassigned sitting for Jetstar. It cost losing business class customers. He revised his decision quickly and introduced assigned siting and made the carrier more preferable to business class passenger. A good leader is one who knows how to take calculated risk. Alan Joyce is the right example here. He made mistake regarding unassigned siting but improved the decision by reversing it. It shows resect to customers preferences; which ultimately work well for the betterment of Qantas (O'Sullivan, 2015). Alan Joyce is a leader who has guided business organisations with a clear and precise vision, his decision making skills made him an outperformer in an ever changing industry. His belief on his team, his humble behaviour and collaborative nature made him a mix of transactional and transformational leader. His leadership actions are inclined more towards transactional leadership as he always motivated his team with rewards. This approach outshines with unmatchable performance of Qantas. From time to time, Qantas has faced many challenges beyond itsmanagement control; but the extraordinary visionary leadership skill of Alan Joyce has always proven that Qantas can do better with good team spirit and collaboration. Under Alan Joyces leadership Qantas is performing well when Airline Industry is going through a tough phase (BuRke, 2014). Alan Joyces has handled the above mentioned issue and transform Qantas through hard times into an organisation which performed financially well. The decision making power and strong dependency on his team, enabled Alan as a result oriented leader. He defined his leadership path with well organised and communicated vision. He strongly advocated the significance of purposeful and well directed communication in the context of better team performance. Corporate Leader is the most responsible person in any business settings; it has been well performed by Alan. He made mistakes but as a leader he always taken responsibility of those mistakes. As a transactional leader, he made corrections to those mistakes and Qantas turned into a better service provider and profitable business organisation (Qantas 2017). The relevance of leadership is in transformation of an Organisation. Alan is always a leader of making decisions which made industry eye-opened with many surprises. He advocated the concept of timely decision making with or without correct information; Taking decision reflects that organisation is with the situation, if the decision does not work well, an organisation is always having the chance of correct it. Alan is always made a balanced approach while dealing with internal and external issues. His communication approach made him the leader of people. His result orientation made him leader of stakeholders and his directing nature made him leader of his team. Alan has proven his transactional leadership in many aspects of Qantas and handling the international issues in the context of Aviation Industry (Lord and Dinh, 2014). References BCG 2010. The Future Leadership. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.bcg.com/documents/file42391.pdf BuRke, R.J., 2014. Human frailties in the workplace: their nature, consequences and remedy.Human Frailties: Wrong Choices on the Drive to Success, pp.3-52. Carter, S.M. and Greer, C.R., 2013. Strategic leadership: Values, styles, and organizational performance.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(4), pp.375-393. Colbert, A.E., Barrick, M.R. and Bradley, B.H., 2014. Personality and leadership composition in top management teams: Implications for organizational effectiveness.Personnel Psychology,67(2), pp.351-387. Deichmann, D. and Stam, D., 2015. Leveraging transformational and transactional leadership to cultivate the generation of organization-focused ideas.The Leadership Quarterly,26(2), pp.204-219. Fairhurst, G.T. and Connaughton, S.L., 2014. Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), pp.7-35. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R.E. and McKee, A., 2013.Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Hemlin, S., Allwood, C.M., Martin, B. and Mumford, M.D. eds., 2014.Creativity and leadership in science, technology, and innovation. Routledge. Lord, R.G. and Dinh, J.E., 2014. What Have We Learned That Is Critical in Understanding Leadership Perceptions and Leader?Performance Relations?.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,7(2), pp.158-177. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), p.117. O'Sullivan, M., 2015.Mayday: The Inside Story of the Fall of Qantas. Penguin UK. Qantas 2017. Qantas CEO. Retrieved 3 October 2017, from https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/qantas-ceo/global/en

Computers In Business Essays - MS-DOS, DOS, WordPerfect,

Computers In Business In the business world today, computers and the software applications that run on them basically control a well organized business. Every major company is equipped with a computer, or network that connects through different branches throughout the firm. Computer Hardware: To keep up with the fastest technology that dominates the market is to be a sensible buyer. A system can be outdated in a matter of two years time. Software applications based on today's needs require more hard disk space and speed to run efficiently. The most powerful system would be the 586 machine which was developed in November, 1992. The space required on a business system depends on the firm. If a company has a network, their memory would range on the applications required to run the system productively. A one to three gigabyte hard drive would be most common for businesses. To keep these applications on the computer, you need a fair amount of RAM memory as well as hard disk space. An application developed in 1993, probably will be to powerful and run quite slow on a previous system that was 'top of the line' in 1991. That's why it is important for companies to understand that they must think years down the road before spending thousands of dollars on the technology of today. The best way is to prepare for the future such as making sure your mainframe is upgradeable and contains at least 8 expansion slots, which should already be loaded with enhanced graphics cards, the necessary amount of serial ports etc.. Networks are everywhere in the world of business. A network is a series of computers throughout the company which rely on one or two fileservers. Or it can be used in long distance communication through modem. An example would be that a company located in Calgary can call up its other branch in Toronto via modem, also able to up and download valuable files or records. Networks have their disadvantages also. Computer viruses are always present somewhere in a disk or computer system ready to strike. If an over powering, destructive virus enters a network system, all data can be severely damaged or lost completely. That's why there is back-up drives to store existing data that is written onto the disk each day. Anti virus programs are there to alert the user and wipe the virus off the system before it does any destruction to the data stored on the network. As far as practicality and mobility is concerned, the laptop has been around for quite a long time. A laptop computer is a portable computer, about the size of a brief case. This is a good feature to save time and money. Laptops allow you to connect to fileservers or mini systems after you travel around with them. Once you are at your destination, you can give another system a "unit to unit" data exchange. This means you connect the laptops serial port to the other system's port and transfer data without external data. Diskettes are also capable of holding small quantities of information that can be used for transferring. In this day and age every computer has a hard disk which contains the programs and applications that are used in the business industry. Programs and Applications Used in Business: Many computer applications can make a computer do wonderful things for you. Most of you have heard of programs such as Wordperfect, Lotus, Freelance, etc.. that are productive in helping the user perform functions that save time. In businesses, word processing is always included on a system. Different programming companies supply many programs that are quite helpful for the user. Wordperfect is probably the best designed word processor on the market so far. This program is easy for the user to learn, it contains a spell and punctuation check, it contains pre designed graphic arts, a thesaurus, and runs efficiently on a 386 machine that is basically not fast enough for modern applications today. Another application which is helpful in business is a data base. This application stores records and inventory on disk, which can be added and deleted as needed. An example where you would use a data base could be records of customers you have and would like to see what they previously purchased. Spreadsheets are a great commodity in business. a spreadsheet does many different calculations on products or other prices imputed into the computer. a math co-processor is quite useful for applications like this since you are using mathematical functions. The best brand name spreadsheet on

Dubliners, death and paralysis Essay Example

Dubliners, death and paralysis Essay Example Dubliners, death and paralysis Essay Dubliners, death and paralysis Essay even Mr Duffys face is brown, the brown tint of the Dublin streets. a symbol of a decaying Mr Duffy and a decaying Dublin. When Mrs Sinico and Mr Duffy start to meet up enjoying each others company reading, listening to music and talking, Mr Sinico pays no attention to the relationship forming between his wife and Mr Duffy He had dismissed his wife so sincerly from his gallery of pleasures that he did not suspect anyone else would take an interest in her. This showed the death of the Sinico marriage they were just co existing together. When Mrs Sinico advances her hand in intimacy to Duffy, but he retreats repulsed by her failure to understand, and he breaks off the relationship. When Mr Duffy is sitting in a cafe four years later and he finds the article called a painful case which is on buff coloured paper (a yellowish brown. ) Showing the death of her character, Mr Duffy then began to feel guilt and wonder did his rejection of her four years ago result in her sucide? He automatically turns it around to feel sorry for himself, when really he should be feeling sorry for Mrs Sincio or her family. Joyce as we know from the picture of the priest in Eveline, uses the colour yellow for corruption and brown for death, meaning that she has died a corrupt and weak woman, Mr Duffy also shows digust in her behaviour and her death and digust that he allowed himself to get clost to such a woman. Then he has a moment when he thinks of her in pity, pity for her loniness, however because of his selfcentred nature he starts to think of his own loniness and realises that he is not content with his hermitic lifestyle to which he has become accustomed to. We know this by his reaction to the couple in the park, who are having sex and making him feel even more alone in the world. He realises that his concern with orderand rectitude shut her out of his life, and this concern stops him from living fully, he is not interested in begining a new phrase in his life, but instead he bitterly accepts his loneliness. Mr Duffy seems incapable of genuine feeling and emotion and this seems to be inpart to blame for his painfull insularity and his obession with his predictable life costs him a golden chance at love and happiness. A painful case ended where it began with Mr Duffy alone. Corley and Lenehan refuse to grow old in Two Gallants, trapped in the paralysis that Joyce saw central to Dublin, therefore this story belongs to the adolscent stories of the Dubliners, even though the two are in their thirties. Corley and Lenehan are leeches, to give this story the title two gallants Joyce was using this title as a form of ironry because neither Corley or Lenehan are gallants. (gallants meaning to be brave or herotic. Corley takes advantage of the women, that he seduces, Lenehan does the same to friends, bartenders and Corley also. Donald Torchiana suggests that the stroy is on allegorical tale about the Anglo-Irish Ascendency and the culture or parasitiam and exploitation which they bred in Ireland. Their is evidence to support this theory, which would be in the referneces to the ascendency in the Kildare Street Club and in place names such as Shelbourne Hotel. The girl could be seen as a symbol of Ireland, representing Irelands depraved condition under colonial rule. Ireland is being prosituted by her English conquerors. This ambiguous connection between Lenehan and the harp is a national reference. When Lenehan enjoys his meal later on in the story his meal has the colours of the Irish flag the green peas and the orange ginger beer symbolishing the flag of Ireland and therefore in Joyces view Lenehan is a steorotypical Dubliner. At the start of the story Joyce describes Dublin as having a warm grey evening air and a gaily coloured crowd. Which Joyce is using colour to show the decay in Dublin the city itself and the people in it. Lenehan and Corley are both spirtualy dead in this story, they are scamming to get what they want, which in my opionion Joyce thought was quite typical of the people of Dublin using betrayel to make money, duping maids into stealing from their employers. Every main character in the three stories that I choose had deep moral and spritual paralysis and spritual death, with each character having a decision or situation which either inhibitits their well being or self estem and prohibits their ability to move forward. All three stories that I studied didnt have a happy ending, Joyce saw Dublin to never have a happy ending so he shows this in his stories. Dubliners are paralysed from acting or living decisively or even consciously. Joyce once told his brother stonislaus the city is suffering from hemiplegia of the will (Stuart Gilbert, ed. the letters of James Joyce, Faber 1957. ) He also described his intention to write The Dubliners as the desire to betray the soul of the hemiplegia or paralysis which may consider a city. The theme of praralysis and death is evident in every story in the Dubliners which I have come to the conclusion that this the way Joyce sees Dublin as a dead city diseased with paralysis, a city which one would want to escape from.

Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reflections - Essay Example Moreover, through evangelism, I get a better understanding on Christian challenges but derive satisfaction in making other identify with Christ. Nevertheless, the mode of evangelism defines the perception, challenges, and success in evangelism. As such, there is need to establish the most effective and less challenging strategies of evangelism. For instance, there is need to change the traditional evangelism approaches with ordinary attempts that the modern society can relate with (Henderson, 2007). Through this approach, evangelists will have an easy way in bridging the gap between the â€Å"lost† people and Jesus Christ (Henderson, 2007). Moreover, this approach will help the society to recognize salvation as a major and relevant decision in our lives. Additionally, there is need to establish the best conversation aids on evangelism for the society to understand the message spread by the evangelists (McRaney, 2003). Indeed, communication is a major factor in evangelism since evangelists seek to spread the gospel to a diverse society that requires a better understanding on the gospel for them to join Christhood. We should thus seek to remove all the barriers by adopting better communication strategies (McRaney, 2003), relating evangelism with the typical life, and use a variety of creative and natural connection po ints (Henderson,

Inclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Inclusion - Essay Example The term "inclusion" captures the two-way movement taking place to abolish the distinction between the disabled and the general population. Rather than treat the disabled as a separate group, those who support the notion of "inclusion" called for promoting the principle that society and its institutions have to structure its processes and systems to accommodate everyone without any form of discrimination so that a wide range of people with their individual characteristics, including that portion although a minority to be a part of, and not apart from, of the benefits that can be enjoyed by the general population. Thus, while inclusion has been widely used in the field of education, arising from the roots of liberal and progressive interpretations of the declaration of human rights, it has widened its scope to cover the ideal of an inclusive society (Ainscow). An inclusive society is one where any person can fit in and realize his/her full potential with the help of social institutions that are prepared to do so, instead of focusing mainly its resources to the general population that is characterized by the statistical mean. The reasons for the growing popularity of inclusion are easy to understand. With the growth in prosperity of human societies, there is likewise an improvement in the level of knowledge and science that has enabled society to better understand many of the scientific causes of disabilities. There is likewise a growing sensitivity to the plight of those with these disabilities, and the growing realization that the opportunities enjoyed by the majority of the population should also be enjoyed by those members of society who, regardless of where the fault lies, have disabilities. Therefore, the purpose of inclusion is humane and recognizes the idea that the quality of a society can be gauged by the way it takes care of those who suffer and are least capable of taking care of themselves because they participate and carry out their social function with a physical or mental handicap. Inclusion, therefore, is a good development because it recognizes the dignity and value of every person, and that everyone, including (or especially) those with disabilities can contribute in their own way to make the world a better place for everyone until the end of time. Meanings of Inclusion Inclusion is a term that has several meanings of varied depth and scope. It means more than the simple integration of disabled persons in mainstream or regular schools and in society (Low). The meaning has developed into an ideal of "inclusivism" that takes into consideration all children as a whole and focuses on radical changes that need to be made in schools and educational and teaching systems, instead of just re-placing children from a special to a mainstream education setting (Booth et al.; Wedell; Porter in Thomas et al.). Inclusion is easier dreamt of and said than done because of its complex nature that demands a reorganizing and reconstructing various aspects of the educational system. Gregory argues that these adaptations vary according to the disability, but several changes apply to the wider set of students. Gregory adds that changes would include environmental arrangements like the physical layout of classes, equal access to facilities from anywhere, playground adaptations; material and equipment

The Washington Consensus, 1989

The Washington Consensus, 1989 Introduction: Economists have been trying to develop policies as a unique pattern of guaranteed growth independently of its development level. One such attempt was called the ‘Washington Consensus presented by John Williamson in 1989, which referred to a combination of principles adopted from various international policies unified in ten main steps as a way of creating a growth pattern for a country (mostly developing and transitioning countries; especially in the region of Latin America) (Williamson, 2004). Another international organization, called the World Trade Organization (WTO), has been trying to help in creation of liberalized trade environment and push forward economically undeveloped countries by supporting their integration into a multilateral trading system worldwide. Even though, both the Washington Consensus and the World trade organization have acquired quite much negative connotation, the WC for its attempt to generalize growth pattern and the WTO for providing advantageous treatment to some of the organizations members, the positive results emerging from their existence are very visible in the international trading environment. Washington Consensus, source of many debates: The Washington Consensus, initially developed in 1989, as explained by his author John Williamson was not meant to become a policy viewed as a universal growth and development prescription but it was his way of listing ten policies that were held in the city of Washington aimed to set off the economic growth in the area of Latin America. However, according to his own words he did not necessarily include all of the policies that promote development but the primary common feature that must have been their nature of consensus. (CID, April 2003). The Center for International Development at Harvard University listed the following policies as the common denominator of the Washington Consensus provided by Washington-based institutions for the Latin America area: â€Å"Fiscal discipline, A redirection of public expenditure priorities toward fields offering both high economic returns and the potential to improve income distribution, such as primary health care, primary education, and infrast ructure, Tax reform (to lower marginal rates and broaden the tax base), Interest rate liberalization, A competitive exchange rate, Trade liberalization, Liberalization of inflows of foreign direct investment, Privatization, Deregulation (to abolish barriers to entry and exit), Secure property rightsâ€Å" (D. Bloom, D. Canning, J. Sevilla, p.58, 2003). This list of policies serving as a piece of advice for launching an economic growth rate increase in developing countries received much critique afterwards. Highly accomplished economists have expressed their opinion that this model was a huge step towards neoliberal models, which are nowadays used interchangeably with the term of the Washington Consensus. (Williamson, 2004). However, the criticism was not constructive because they perceived the idea of the ten principles from a different perspective than it was actually formulated by its author. Williamson decided to react and enter a never-ending debate surrounding his original concept and that leads to creation of two mainstream variations of his Washington Consensus. He was inspired by Mr. Stiglitz and Rodrick critics, and did his best to object them in his work The Washington Consensus as Policy Prescription for Development (Williamson, 2004). He explains that Stiglitzs critique upon the Consensus, which was marked as a ‘P ost-Washington Consensus was actually only a transformation of the former one put in different words. However, the main idea of pursuing â€Å"equitable development, sustainable development and democratic development† (Williamson, 2004) after all have stayed the same. Williamson has also applied further discussion towards the arguments of Mr. Rodrick and expresses an agreement with his description of developed countries systems and successes. On the other hand, everyone interested in international economics, international relations and international law is knowledgeable about current situation of enhanced economies and their mutual interaction. What Rodrick actually failed to do is naming resources of the well being in developed countries and assessing them as a logical pattern or a manual for less developed countries, which are to seek this kind of a growth rate hint nowadays and also in the future. Moreover, Rodrick added to the original Williamson thought other points: â⠂¬Å" Corporate governance, Anti-corruption, Flexible labor markets, WTO agreements, Financial codes and standards, â€Å"Prudent† capital-account opening, Non-intermediate exchange rate regimes, Independent central banks/inflation targeting, Social safety nets and Targeted poverty reduction.â€Å" (CID, April 2003). Another strong current, formed as an anti-globalization movement, has been criticizing the Washington Consensus and its trade liberalization. Many of the critics, including Tariq Ali and many others have seen the Washington Consensus as a labor-exploitation policy of poor and undeveloped countries. Contradiction has been found in a reduction of tariffs that allowed free movement of goods while on the other hand labor market was restricted of moving freely due to the requirements of visa and work permits and therefore leading towards restriction of human rights. (STWR, May 2007) Despite such strong arguments against the Washington Consensus, anti-globalization movement has never been taken seriously. The reason for that was found in the positive outcomes that have arisen of Washington Consensus policy, such as the positive attitude towards sustainable development of undeveloped. Basically, the Washington Consensus did take a challenge and tried to create such a pattern that could work not only on the Latin American countries but could be also applied to Least Developed Countries (LDCs) on their pursuit towards economic growth. (CID, April 2003). Although, there are also many exemplary countries such as India, China, Vietnam , Chile, etc. that have achieved an extraordinary turn around in the economic development on their own without following any kind of a universal manual, such unique accomplishments will be seen in future because of the need for finding a recipe to enhance developing economies is a must-do policy. Therefore, economists like Williamson would and will continue their work of seeking the right combination of the components of an international trade policy that would prove as a helpful strategy in future economic situations. The WTO, its efforts, controversy and reflections toward future: Compilations of policies like The Washington Consensus are in the center of attention of international organization namely The World Trade Organization (WTO), which seeks to promote the international trade and economic globalization with least harmful effects. The misconceptions about the Washington Consensus as explained above have been one of the main arguments of anti-globalization movement across the world. These groupings of people perceive it as a deathtrap of powerful countries imposed on developing countries with the intention of causing even deeper crises and putting them into greater disadvantage on global market. â€Å"The World Trade organization officially was established on January 1, 1995, as the successor to GATT (the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) and as the legal and institutional foundation of the international trading systemâ€Å"(D. Palmeter, P.C. Mavroidis, page 13, 1999) Moreover, the World Trade Organization is dealing with various trade regulations between the participating countries: â€Å"It provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants adherence to WTO agreements which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments.† (Fairtrade, 2010). Moreover, disputes that may arise between the countries are mostly the main topics on WTO trade negotiations Currently the negotiations dealing with great issues like agriculture, tariff and non-tariff barriers to international trade and trade concept amendments are in progress and close to the end at the 4th WTO Ministerial at Doha, Qatar. The discussions were launched in 2001 and according to Ian F. Fergusson in his Congress Research Service Report there are â€Å"three issues among the most important to developing countries, in addition to concessions on agriculture. One issue, now resolved, pertained to compulsory licensing of medicines and patent protection. A second deals with a review of provisions giving special and differential treatment to developing countries. A third addresses problems that developing countries are having in implementing current trade obligations.† (I. F. Fergusson, page 3, 2006) The special and differential treatment provisions imply prioritized position for developing countries in international trade negotiations. In terms of international politics â₠¬Å"developing countries are guaranteed: longer time periods for implementing agreements and commitments measures to increase trading opportunities for these countries provisions requiring all WTO members to safeguard the trade interests of developing countries support to help developing countries build the infrastructure to undertake WTO work, handle disputes, and implement technical standard Provisions related to least-developed country (LDC) membersâ€Å" (WTO, 2001) However, according to further findings the situation is quite different and no matter how the intentions may be stated the United States of America along with international financial institutions and multinational corporations play main role in the game of international politics no matter whether a pattern like the Washington Consensus is in place or an organization like the WTO is leading some negotiations to favor poorer nations development. To explain the argument more precisely, the WTO has a clause which guarantees one vote for each of its members but most of the decisions are not made by the voting process because they depend upon consensus. Therefore, opposing voices like to use several disputes as examples of the discrimination of the developing countries (e.g. environmental issues, banana case, textile case, etc.). One of the most visible cases was so called banana case when the decision of the WTO was presented as a move favoring the USA and putting the developing countries in disadvantage. To be more precise the decision was a ruling against the EU and not against developing countries in first place. The whole issues started and ended with tariffs set on bananas, which were preferential to African and Caribbean countries producers, mainly French and British colonies members of LomÃÆ' © Convention (The Assosiated Press, 2008). The WTO made an objective decision based on its agreements. Furthermore, there is another event to mention and it is a fact that four other developing countries out of Latin America including â€Å"Ecuador, the worlds largest banana producer (The Assosiated Press, 2008) protested together with the US against EUs banana tariffs. Yet the WTO policies contain dispute settlement clauses, which have been used quite many times successfully when fighting back the decisions made by developed countries. The developing countries also have a chance to turn in proposals for the WTOs future programmers in order to change their current position in multilateral trading system next to developed countries. Among other requests â€Å"these include: belief that better implementation of existing WTO agreements, including faster removal of textiles restrictions, longer transition timetables for developing countries and greater technical assistance, should have priority over negotiation on new issues, desire to change or ease some WTO rules which they believe give inadequate weight to their situation, disappointment at continuing barriers to their exports, particularly against processed products based on their own natural resources, concern at the practical burdens involved in taking part in WTO work for the small delegations o f developing countries, and at the cost of dispute cases.â€Å" (WTO, 1999). To conclude, an inference that the WTO favors big powerful countries and MNCs and therefore it is pain in the eyes of public audiences cannot be completely disproved at any stance. However, evidence provided above has concluded efforts of the organization and its members toward including more of the concerns about developing countries difficulties and implementation of the appropriate solutions. Summary: To sum up, both the Washington Consensus and the World Trade Organization have common vision of promoting economic development via core set of rules and policies. As to every controversial topic there are advantages and disadvantages to mention but in order to survive their results must be positive otherwise there is still room for improvement or termination. Both Mr. Stiglitz and Mr. Rodrick were right in their lectures on economic growth policy guidelines but they did not assert any statement what so ever that would be contradictory to the Washington Consensus in its fundamental essence. However, the great increase in development growth rate examples of China, India, Vietnam, etc. are spotlights in current global economic scene due to their considerable difference when compared to the Washington Consensus idea pursued by the IMF or the World Bank. Achievements of these countries are a foretoken of a completely new approach to the development of developing nations. Future predictions It is relatively hard to make any predictions considering the future of the WC and WTO. Washington Consensus did indeed create healthy basis for the WTO future but there is hardly enough space for both organizations on the international scene. Most likely the Washington Consensus will become only a term used for comparison with more current and up-to-date development approaches. The World Trade Organization, on the other hand, has a long way to go and its members are here to predefine its future path. The WTO is neither undemocratic nor it undermines the sovereignty of its member states and their governments. However, there are still many problems in relation to negotiations with developing countries to resolve and providing special and differential treatment to them will not solve those problems but may help along the way towards sustainable development.

Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck is a person to be admired. His caring attitudes and blunt honesty prove that he is a great person. Although Huck can be seen lying, cheating and stealing, he does these things out of necessity and as a result of his poor upbringing. These negative attributes don’t affect his overall high character. Huck Finn has many great aspects, but he is fallible and capable of doing wrong. He often lies, cheats, and steals simply to survive and get out of trouble. Huck also displays this bad behavior as a result of his poor upbringing. Much of this behavior was learned from his father, as evidenced in the following passage. â€Å"Pap always said it warn’t no harm to borrow things if you was meaning to pay them back some time; but the widow said it warn’t anything but a soft name for stealing, and no decent body would do it† (65). It is this learned behavior, his desire to survive and â€Å"get out of jams,† and society’s negative influences, such as its view that slavery is right, that motivates him in doing wrong. Although Huck can sometimes be labeled as a miscreant, he is actually a very honest person. In a literal sense, Huck doesn’t always exhibit honest behavior. However, it is Huck’s realistic and slightly naive view of society that is honest--he sees things for what they truly are. One example of this honesty occurs when Huck helps Jim to freedom. While he doesn’t view his own actions as honorable, the reader can infer that they are. Huck feels guilty for his role in Jim’s escape, knowing that he was doing something society would have scorned. He says, "I couldn’t get it out of my conscience, no how nor no way. It got to troubling me so I couldn’t rest; I couldn’t stay still in one place. It hadn’t ever come home to me before, what this thing was that I was doing. But now it did; and it stayed with me, and scorched me more and more...I got to feeling so mean and miserable I most wished I was dead" (88). Huck is honest with himself and his feelings.